As many secondary metabolites are characterized by their in vitro antimicrobial activity, these compounds were commonly considered to function in plant defense as in planta antibiotics. This insufficiency concerns information on the dynamics of cellular and subcellular localization of defensive phytochemicals during the encounters with microbial pathogens and precise knowledge on their mode of action. However, despite the proven significance of secondary metabolites in plant response to pathogenic microorganisms, little is known about the precise mechanisms underlying their contribution to plant immunity. Extensive studies on model plant species, particularly Arabidopsis thaliana, have brought significant advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning pathogen-triggered biosynthesis and activation of defensive secondary metabolites. Experimental evidence strongly supports the indispensable contribution of many constitutive and pathogen-inducible phytochemicals to plant innate immunity. Plant secondary metabolites carry out numerous functions in interactions between plants and a broad range of other organisms. Piasecka, Anna Jedrzejczak-Rey, Nicolas Bednarek, PaweÅ‚ Secondary metabolites in plant innate immunity: conserved function of divergent chemicals. ![]() It is argued that mixed-function oxidases play a major role in protecting herbivores against chemical stress from secondary plant substances. Following induction, the larva is less susceptible to dietary poisoning. The induction proceeds rapidly and in response to a small quantity of secondary substance. The mixed-function oxidases of a polyphagous insect larva (the southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania) were found to be induced by a diversity of secondary plant substances. Herbivore- plant interactions: mixed-function oxidases and secondary plant substances.īrattsten, L B Wilkinson, C F Eisner, T ![]() This review demonstrates the ecological significance of such plant secondary metabolites in the highly diverse interactions between insects and plants. Insects also serve as pollinators often effectively guided by specific floral fragrances. ![]() Many phytophagous insects are highly adapted to these allelochemicals and use such unique substances as the specific host-finding cues, defensive substances of their own, and even as sex pheromones or their precursors by selectively sensing, incorporating, and/or processing these phytochemicals. Plants produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites as chemical barriers against herbivores. Chemical ecology of insect- plant interactions: ecological significance of plant secondary metabolites.
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